Методическая разработка урока по английскому языку в 8 классе "Страдательный залог"

Тип урока: обобщение изученной темы

Форма проведения урока: урок – экскурсия

• отработка грамматических структур в пассивном залоге,
• обобщение изученного материала,
• подготовка к контрольной работе.

Задачи:
Обучающая: научить распознавать временные формы глагола в пассивном залоге, научить преобразовывать структуры активного залога в пассивный.
Развивающая: развивать навыки употребления пассивного залога в устной речи учащихся, развивать  умения работать с таблицами, формулами и схемами;

Воспитательная: развивать интерес к изучению грамматики в английском языке; вовлекать учащихся в активную практическую деятельность.

• таблички с названиями станций,
• схемы,
• таблицы,
• карточки,
• тетради.

1. Организационный момент.

2. Фонетическая зарядка.

3. Обобщение изученного материала.

А) Повторение первичных знаний об английском глаголе в пассивном залоге.

Б) Отработка  грамматических навыков.

В) Развитие грамматических навыков в речи  учащихся.

4. Контроль грамматического материала по теме «Пассивный залог».

5. Подведение итогов урока.

Объяснение домашнего задания.

Teacher: Good morning, boys and girls. Today we continue talking about the Passive Voice. I hope you remember what the Passive Voice is. We 'll have an excursion to “The Land of the Passive Voice” today. You will learn the usage and the formation of Passive constructions in the English language, read a short text and do some exercises. I'll  be your guide at our lesson.

Teacher: Let’s start our excursion. The first station is a “Phonetic” minute. Look at the blackboard and repeat after me:

They are written, it was broken,

He is given, she’ll be left.

They were eaten, it was spoken,

It’s being driven, he’ll be lent. 

Teacher: You see the Passive constructions in every line there. The second station of our excursion is ”The Formula“ of the Passive Voice.

А) Повторение первичных знаний учащихся о пассивном залоге. 

Teacher: Let us revise the formula of the Passive Voice again and the rule of its use.

We use it if we don’t  know or we are not interested in the person who performs an action.

Teacher: What is the common formula for all the tenses in the  Passive Voice?

Pupil 2: The auxiliary verb “to be” and the Participle II of the main verb.

Teacher: What is the Participle II?

Pupil 3: It is the main verb in the third form.

Teacher:…, come to the blackboard and write down the formula.

to be + V3 Pupil 4:

Teacher: How do we form Present Simple Passive?

am is      + V3 are

Teacher: How do we form Past Simple Passive? Etc.

was             +   V3 were  Pupil 4:

Teacher: Thank you. Now the next station is “Participle II”.
Look at the verbs on your cards. Make their Participle II. For example:

 

to discuss                                                            discussed

to  buy                                                                 bought

to  spend                                                              spent

to  use                                                                  used

to  promise                                                           promised

to pay                                                                   paid

to  write                                                               written

to  give                                                                 given

to  tell                                                                   told

to leave                                                                 left                          
Etc.

Teacher: Thank you. Our excursion to the Land of the Passive Voice is going on.

The next station is “Identify” the Passive Constructions.

1. The book will be printed in May.  ________________________________________

2. The contract was signed two days ago.  ____________________________________

3. These questions are included in the text. ___________________________________

4. The guests were entertained by Alison. ____________________________________

5. Tver is located not far from Moscow.___________________________________

6. Passengers will be offered dinner during the flight. ___________________________

7. Natalie was promised a trip to Europe. _____________________________________

8. Two good films were made last year. ______________________________________

Teacher: Let’s check up the exercise. You have done it correctly (made some mistakes,  correct them).

Teacher: It’s time to have a rest. Let’s do exercises

Hands on the head,

Hands on the hips,

Hands on the table,

Hands like this.

Hands on shoulders,

Hands up and down,

Hands behind the head

And sit down!

Teacher: Thank you. The next station of our trip is “Transformation”.

Особенности употребления пассивного залога в английском языке. 

Рассмотрим предложение:

The teacher                   gave                  him               a book.  
– Учитель дал ему книгу.

подлежащее                сказуемое            косвенное         прямое

                                                        дополнение      дополнение

 

Это предложение  в aктивном  залоге (Active Voice), в нем два дополнения

him – косвенное дополнение, так как  отвечает на вопрос кому? (дательный падеж)

abook – прямое дополнение, так как отвечает на вопрос что? (винительный падеж)

Одной активной конструкции в английском языке могут соответствовать две пассивные конструкции, то есть прямое и косвенное дополнение активного залога могут стать подлежащими пассивного залога со следующими глаголами:

to send  -   посылать                 to promise -  обещать                      to show   -  показать

to give   -   давать                    to pay        -   платить                      to leave   -  уезжать

to tell   -   рассказать                to offer      -  предлагать      

 

Active   Voice	Passive  Voice
The teacher gave  him a book.          Учитель дал ему  книгу.	The  book   was given to him.           Книга была дана ему.             He was given the book.           Ему дали книгу.

Если в английском языке подлежащее пассивного залога выражено личным местоимением, то оно (местоимение) стоит в именительном падеже.

(Учащиеся читают вслух грамматический материал, учитель разбирает одно предложение на доске.) 

Teacher: E.g. take the sentence:

“Mother promised her daughter a new dress”

- В каком залоге это предложение?

- В активном

- Назовите сказуемое

- promised

- Назовите прямое и косвенное дополнении (a new dress, her daughter)

- Преобразуйте предложение из активного в пассивный залог, где подлежащим будут  прямое и косвенное дополнения ( A new dress was promised to the  daughter. The daughter was promised a new dress

(She was promised a new dress).

1. Sasha sent a letter to Alison   -               _________________________

2. Mike told us an interesting story.-         _________________________ 

3. The Garretts showed Sasha their house.- ________________________

4. Father promised Natalie a new car. -       _________________________ 

Teacher: Please, read aloud the sentences and do the task…

Pupil 1: 
1) A letter was sent to Alison .

Alison was sent a letter.

Pupil 2:
2) The story was told us.

We were told a story.

Pupil 3:
3) The house was shown to Sasha.

Sasha was shown the house.

Pupil 4:
4) The car was promised to Natalie.

Natalie was promised a new car.

Teacher: You have done the exercise well. How can you translate these sentences into Russian?

The next station of our excursion is “Translation”.

Do the following exercise yourselves and then we check it up.

1) She was sent a fax.

а) Она послала факс.

б) Ей пошлют факс.

в) Ей послали факс.

 

2) They were told an interesting story.

а) Они рассказали интересную историю.

б) Им рассказали интересную историю.

в) О них была рассказана история.

 

3) We were shown a film.

а) Фильм будет показан нам.

б) Мы показали фильм.

в) Нам показали фильм.

  

4) Sasha was offered help.

а) Саша предложил помощь.

б) Саше предложили помощь.

в) Помощь будет предложена Саше.

 

5) I was promised a trip to England.

а) Мне обещали поездку в Англию.

б) Я обещал поездку в Англию.

в) Они обещали поездку в Англию.

 

6) He will be asked a lot of questions.

а) Он задаст много вопросов.

б) Ему задали много вопросов.

в) Ему зададут много вопросов.

 

(Учащиеся самостоятельно выполняют упражнение, затем проверяют задание)

Teacher:  Thank  you very much. The most pupils have done the task well and some pupils have made a few mistakes. Now, friends, our excursion is going to the end. The final station of our trip is “Test Yourself”. Please, take cards and do exercises in pairs.

1. Define the tense and the voice.

a) Last year a new house was built near the park.

b) Football is played almost everywhere.

c) A large sum of money was received by him.

d) A new shopping center will be built here next year.

e) They are being asked now.

Keys:

a) Past Simple Passive.

b) Present Simple Passive.

c) Past Simple Passive.

d) Future Simple Passive.

e) Present Progressive Passive. 

2. Change the sentences into the Passive Voice.

a) They usually repair cars very quickly.

b) Somebody has stolen my keys.

c) She composed her first opera five years ago.

d) They closed the supermarket at 7 p.m. yesterday.

e) They will visit Shakespeare’s birthplace next month.

a) Cars are usually repaired very quickly.

b) My keys have been stolen.

c) Her first opera was composed five years ago.

d) The supermarket was closed at 7 p. m. yesterday.

e) Shakespeare’s birthplace will be visited next month. 

(Учащиеся в парах выполняют задания, чтобы у них была ситуация успеха и уверенности в первичном контроле знаний по грамматике.)

Teacher: Our excursion to the “Land of the Passive Voice” is over. You have done a lot of activities and exercises. We 'll have Grammar Practice next time.

And now write down your home task, please: write your opinion about this lesson, using the passive voice . We work hard today and I think everybody gets good marks. Good bye!